Study For A Forensic Science Degree Online

Kenneth Scott asked:

Television programs like Cold Case Files and CSI have prompted an increase in the publics fascination with forensic science. What is not generally known, however, is that forensic science is a field that involves much more than is shown on television. Everyone knows that forensic scientists work in an area of law and are responsible for examining evidence to solve crimes. But they do more than work in labs, testing samples of DNA. Forensic scientists also visit crime scenes, study the crime locations, and are witnesses in court cases.

Sometimes, these scientists can make mistakes if they dont follow established procedures, which include keeping exact files on the evidence in a case. In some cases, these mistakes can have a negative impact on innocent lives. Several individuals have been sentenced to death on the basis of expert forensic evidence and testimony. Later on, it was discovered that these people were innocent, and the real criminals were apprehended. In these cases, science save an innocent life, and the courts could provide justice. Recently, over eleven individuals were released from a Chicago jail after new forensic evidence showed they were innocent. These people had already spent years in jail as a result of mistakes made in the legal system.

You can get a degree in forensic science online in just a few years. To earn a degree, you need to have a previous degree in biology, physics, chemistry, or physical science in order to register. Some online colleges require a minimum of a bachelors degree in one of these subjects before you can begin courses in forensic science. If you want to find a degree program in this field you should consult organizations such as the American Board of Criminalistic-ABC, American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors-ASCLD, National Forensic Science Tech Center-NSFTC, International Association of Forensic Science, and International Association for Identification-IAI and International Society for Forensic Genetics, and International Association for Identification-IAI and International Society for Forensic Genetics.

Degrees in forensic science may cover budget analysis, forensic accounting, working in a morgue or hospital, studying DNA, or working with computers. There are many areas in which you can work after getting a forensic science degree. Computer forensics involves investigations of evidence by tracking information via computer technology. It is a new field, but expertise in this area increases daily. Computer forensics involves extracting data from various media and presenting the evidence collected to the courts. This field uses extensive software programs and applications. The FBI, CIA, and other law enforcement agencies use forensic science with computers to resolve their cases.

An online forensics degree requires more work and specific background education than other online degrees, but if you want an exciting career with many opportunities and a chance to make a difference, do not let this keep you from pursuing on online degree in forensic science.

Writing and Publishing Science Fiction Novels in 5 Simple and Easy Steps

Gen Wright asked:

‘ve written your work, getting published is no doubt a elaborate task. Here are some constructive instructions that will help you write an award winning science fiction novel and publish it profitably.

Step 1: First Draft and Structure

A science fiction book should be structured in three portions: the opening, the middle, and the climax. Once you establish your story plot, you need to reinforce it with any required research. Afterward, you just have to outline your ideas on paper. High doses of imagination are the chief imperative for a triumphant science fiction novel.

Try to uplift your readers from the colorless blandness of ordinary routine life with your novel. Try to conserve suspense in each segment of the novel to make the story line consuming. Let the reader indulge in speculation over imponderable gripping situations. Sketch each segment of the story markedly.

Recognize with your work that good science fiction has believable elements. Science fiction takes current technology and builds upon it. If your ideas are too implausible or past average comprehension, your novel will not strike a chord with readers.

Step 2: Evaluation by Peers

Your initial draft needs to be criticized by several of your colleagues. They will assist not just as proof readers, but will aid you in identifying partial story lines, areas that are not believable, plots that aren’t believable, and characters that are too heroic. Science fiction is based on the suspension of disbelief, but disbelief can only be extended so far.

Online discussion groups like Critters.org provide helpful advice and appraisal. You can also attend your local library assessment workshop. Workshops permit you to get your book manuscript read by multiple people resulting in more extensive feedback. By permitting you the opportunity to review the stories of another, workshops aid you in honing your writing mettle.

Step 3: The Final Draft

After assessment by your peers, you need to edit your manuscript in order to tie up loose ends and remove the inconsistencies pointed out by your evaluators. Clear away the indistinct minutia and construct a final version that provides a firm narrative. If you are faced with a creativity block, it would be prudent to stash the novel on a shelf for a few days and engage yourself with something else. Once you are revitalized you can finish your novel with restored zeal. If major changes have been made to the novel, it should be reevaluated by your peers.

Step 4: Getting Published

There are a lot ways to locate a publisher for your novel. The first is to read science fiction trade publications. Publishers who openly accept submissions routinely advertise in these publications. A second possibility is to inquire with publishers directly. Look at a few of your cherished science fiction books and contact the editorial department. Request a copy of their submission guidelines and standards. It is most of the time best to do this by mail and include a self-addressed stamped envelope. In some instances, a publisher may have this information on their website.

When picking a publisher make sure they are writer friendly. They should have a track record of publicizing the writers and stories they publish.

Step 5: Critical Review

Get your novel critically reviewed before it is published. Give early review copies to authoritative critics. Then, right ahead of final publication, insert their reviews on the inside or back cover of your novel.

Giving the book to a critic who will pile profuse praise on it even if it is balderdash is not going to aid you in any way. You must have the book reviewed by an expert critic. A fair draft critique can save you from much future abasement. In addition, by getting your novel critiqued by a real critic, you’ll secure some promotion from the organization the critic represents.

Conclusion

These easy but effectual guidelines will go a long way in helping you write and sell your science fiction novel. It is a long process and should not be hurried. In some cases writing, rewriting, and publishing a work can take numerous years. It depends on a good deal of persistence and determination. If you possess these qualities and a good deal of imagination you can travel a long way in the science fiction universe.

Science & Technology – the Developments That Shape our Future

John W. Martin asked:

Science & Technology – The Developments that Shape Our Future

http://www.yallways.com

Science and technology are broad terms that refer to all the concepts and devices created through human research and development. The ultimate goal of these constructs is to influence the way humans interact with their environment. While we frequently think of tangible items and inventions, science and technology also includes theories and conceptual systems. Science and technology are fields that are growing at an exponential rate and have a profound impact on our society.

One of the fastest growing areas of science and technology is communication. New inventions and improvements are truly making the world a smaller place. It is now possible to communicate instantly with virtually anyone on the planet. Additionally, communication can take the form of text, audio, or video transmissions. Unfortunately, science and technology are not always used for peaceful purposes. Weapons design and manufacture is a profitable industry, and numerous researchers are involved in this area. Recently, though, more and more developers have focused on creating non-lethal and passive weapons technology.

New developments frequently lead to controversy. For example, advances in stem-cell research have led to heated debate related to the morality of this field of experimentation. The use of human embryonic stem cells may be the key to curing countless diseases and medical conditions. However, research involves the destruction of human embryos. Thus, some people have argued this research is akin to murder and promotes the devaluation of human life.

Another controversial field is located at the other end of the scientific spectrum; the creation of life, both biological and artificial. Recent advancements have allowed scientists to use technology to fertilize human embryos, clone animals, and alter genetics. In fact, researchers have experimented with cross-breeding to produce entirely new species of plants and animals. Among the most profound are the liger, a lion/tiger cross, and the cama, a llama/camel hybrid. Additionally, progress has been made towards developing artificial intelligence. An artificially intelligent construct would be a man-made machine capable of observing and adapting to its environment.

Those who support scientific and technological advancements have also formulated specific ideologies to express their goals. Most notably, transhumanism has developed as a philosophy which supports the use of science and technology to enhance mankind’s cognitive and physical abilities. They foresee an inevitable future where humans will reach a “posthuman” state combining the body with technological improvements. Another pro-advancement ideology is techno-progressivism. This philosophy expounds the idea that technology can be used to enhance democracy and provide greater societal freedoms. Thus, techno-progressives believe in a moral and ethical use of new technologies and appropriate regulation of scientific advancements.

Science and technology can ultimately make our lives more efficient. However, no advancement is without its drawbacks. Thus, controversial research and harmful developments will inevitably continue. Ultimately, though, this is unlikely to deter future research. In fact, it seems researchers are more determined than ever to continue manipulating science and technology to develop new, innovative concepts.

Kabbalah Uses Scientific Methods, But It’s not Regular Science

Bnei Baruch asked:

Perhaps you’ve heard that Kabbalah is connected to mysticism, magic, fortunetelling, tarot cards, and all kinds of other misconceptions. However, not many people know the truth about Kabbalah—it is a science that studies all of reality.

Why Kabbalah is considered a science? Because it uses the same methods as the natural sciences do. Kabbalists stage experiments and record all the settings and details involved in the process, to make sure that other people will be able to perform the same experiments and verify their findings.

As Kabbalists research the surrounding reality, they feel certain sensations, and they systematically record these sensations using graphs, tables and equations. Then, using these graphs, tables and equations, they once again perform an experiment, in order to replicate the research and check whether their previous findings were correct. This is known as the scientific approach, used in the natural sciences such as physics, chemistry and biology.

But what makes Kabbalah so unique and so different from other sciences? The difference is that Kabbalists use the scientific approach to study the hidden realm of reality. It’s called hidden or concealed because without its discovery by Kabbalists, we would never even suspect of its existence.

This is somewhat similar to how centuries ago, people would never have believed you if you told them that there are tiny living things, entire organisms called microbes and viruses, crawling around all over your body, and even inside it. Back then, people couldn’t even imagine that such a thing was possible. But scientific progress and research uncovered this hidden micro-world, and today everyone knows about it and considers it a norm.

But the hidden realm of reality studied by Kabbalists is quite different even from the micro-world or the macro-world studied by science. And that’s because this realm becomes revealed to the researcher and can be studied only after he develops his latent sense of it. So first of all, Kabbalah teaches a person how to develop this additional, inner instrument of research – you can call it the sixth sense.

As Kabbalists begin to feel the hidden realm through the sixth sense, they research the laws operating in that realm. And just like laws studied in physics, such as the law of gravity, there are also laws operating in that hidden realm of our reality. And studying these laws in detail is a major part of the Wisdom of Kabbalah.

Thus, Kabbalah is a science, but a special one. It is not studied and applied by means of our natural five senses, given to us from birth. Rather, it is a science studied and applied in the sixth sense that a Kabbalist develops.

All Kabbalistic research, the integral science of Kabbalah, comprises thousands of books that were written throughout millennia. The books remain a mystery to someone who does not know that they should be read through the sixth sense – which is why Kabbalah has been shrouded in so many misconceptions. But to a Kabbalist,

who knows that he is reading scientific books that document research of the hidden part of reality, the books say: this happens for that reason, X is connected to Y, if you perform this action, you will receive that reaction, and so on.

That is, just as in the natural sciences like physics, chemistry and psychology explain the nature and laws of the revealed part of our world, so Kabbalah explains the nature and laws of the hidden part of it. Thus, Kabbalah is far from any mystical or religious practice. Studying Kabbalah does not involve faith or belief in something that you haven’t felt, and there are no rituals or meditation sessions.

Moreover, just like the natural sciences, Kabbalah can be studied by anyone. You can have any natural traits, characteristics, or mentality, be a man or a woman, belong to any nationality or religion, and so on. Just like scientists engaged in physics or chemistry, Kabbalists do not ask who you are and where you come from. Their primary interest is: do you have a true desire to study the whole of reality? If so—you are welcome.

www.Kabbalah.info

Learn From Earth Science

Analeese Burnabaker asked:

There is so much to be learned in life, sometimes I find myself overwhelmed with all that I do not know. I’ve heard it said, however, that the smartest people are the ones that know that they do not know much. I like that. I like it because I am acutely aware that there is so much that I have yet to discover and understand. I am committed, however, to the process of constantly learning more. My latest subject of fascination has been wondering and learning about earth science.

I haven’t honestly thought that much about earth science since I took a class in it in junior high school. At that time I hated everything to do with science and so I didn’t give much thought one way or another to earth science. I dreadfully made it through that class learning only the basics enough to get by (not the least of which I can remember now).

I’m not quite sure what inspired me to attempt to discover facts about earth science. I guess I began to become more interested in earth science as I had children and they grew up asking question after question. I could barely take them on walks at night without them asking me questions about the ground, the soil, the trees or the sun. I would fumble through answers and try to change the subject quickly as I admitted to myself that I really did not know much. So on my next trip to the library I picked up a few general books on earth science and began learning with my kids.

I have found that learning with my kids has become one of the best ways to grow in knowledge. I utilize their curiosity and take every chance I can at learning with them. It has been a great way for me to learn more about earth science and other things. I never knew how much motherhood would affect me, but I certainly didn’t know how much I would learn because of my children’s hunger for knowledge.

I have learned many things about earth science since our studies have begun. One of the biggest things I have learned is a deeper sense of appreciation for the world I live in. I have grown in amazement and wonder about the way the world works and about my small and insignificant place. I simply am astounded by the intricacies and details of our earth. Earth science has made me even more curious about the world around me.

If you have a craving to learn more about the world you live in, then start with grabbing a few books on earth science. You’ll love learning so much that you won’t be able to stop.

Sports Science & Improving Sporting Performance

Derek Both asked:

Sport science is a collection of scientific disciplines that work together to improve the performance of a given athlete. This can cover the way an athlete sleeps to the food they eat and when they eat it. It can also cover the cloth they wear and the manner in which they train and how often they train. Sport science covers the facilities that they perform in and how they are designed and built.

Finally, sport science also includes the mental needs of the athlete. There can be great strides on the physical front to allow the athlete to go beyond what they think they can. The mental barriers also have to be moved to allow the athlete to move that imaginary point they see as their limit.

Top consultants in the world

Currently the following people are listed as the top consultants in the world on the subject of sports science. They are Dr. Filippo Ongaro (Italy), who works with endurance performance enhancements for elite athletes and astronauts, Dr. Jacques Dallaire (USA/Canada), who works with mental and physical testing and performance for athletes and professional racecar drivers and Ric Charlesworth (New Zealand), who works with high-performance management.

Each of these people brings to the field of sport science a wide range of experience and techniques that help to increase athletes abilities to perform at their peak. They have, in fact, worked to keep moving the point at which the athlete reaches their peak. This effort allows the athlete to perform faster, better and for longer periods of time. They have addressed the mental challenges to endurance as well as the physical challenges to endurance.

Qualifications involved with sports science

The people that are involved in sport science are all professionals at what they do. They may be doctors of various clinical specializations. They can also be dietitians, physical therapists, psychologists and physiologists.

Many will be engineers that focus on different areas of the athletes performance and find ways to get a little bit more out of the athletes efforts. Some will design the training equipment or the actual equipment used to compete with or the facilities they compete in. The one thing that all these professionals have in common is a love for the sport they are involved in and a desire to see it go to the next level

Benefited from sports science

There have been many benefits for the general public because of sports science. Some of these advances have included the way shoes are designed and the way they are built. We have seen changes in bicycle designs that have made them lighter and stronger. We have even seen changes in the types of snacks that have been made popular over the years.

The benefits of sport science have also impacted the way our every day injuries are treated. There are new methods for physical therapy that were developed to help elite athletes heal faster and better. The cloths we wear are warmer, lighter and brighter because of the advances in sports science.

Psychiatry: Fraud in the Name of Science and Humanism

Andrea Gerak asked:

On Saturday, 20/September, the XIVth World Congress of Psychiatry opens its doors in Prague, Chech Republic. Their motto is “Science and Humanism: For a Person-Centered Psychiatry” What a blatant lie!

First of all, psychiatry is NOT a science. For what is science? Let’s see a few definitions:

“a systematically organized body of knowledge on any subject”

“the study of the physical and natural world and phenomena, especially by using systematic observation and experiment”

“the state of knowing : knowledge as distinguished from ignorance or misunderstanding”

“knowledge or a system of knowledge covering general truths or the operation of general laws especially as obtained and tested through scientific method”

How does this apply to psychiatry?

“In 1886, Emil Kraepelin, the undisputed founder of modern psychiatry as a medical specialty and science, declared: “Our science has not arrived at a consensus on even its most fundamental principles, let alone on appropriate ends or even on the means to those ends.” Eighty years later, the encyclopedic American Handbook of Psychiatry opened with this statement: “Perhaps no other field of human endeavor is so … difficult to define as that of psychiatry.” Andrew Lakoff, a professor of sociology at the University of California in San Diego, airily opines: “Two centuries after its invention, psychiatry’s illnesses have neither known causes nor definitive treatments.”

Theodor Meynert, an Austrian psychiatrist stated in his textbook in 1984 that “The reader will find no other definition of ‘Psychiatry’ in this book but the one given on the title page: Clinical Treatise on Diseases of the Forebrain. The historical term for psychiatry, i.e., ‘treatment of the soul,’ implies more than we can accomplish, and transcends the bounds of accurate scientific investigation.”

Clearly put. A “science” that is illogical already in its name! How can one then expect logical principles, theories and methods from such a branch?

Here are some examples of methods used in psychiatry:

This event was reported in a letter to the editor of Psychiatric News, by Natalie Shainess, recounting a personal encounter with such “research” at the annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association in Atlanta, in May, 1978. “Arriving late in the evening at the Omni Hotel,” she writes, “I was unpacking when my phone rang at about 11:30 p.m. Wondering who might be calling at that hour, I picked up the phone receiver to hear a man’s voice say, ‘Would you like us to send up a gentleman to pleasure you?” Offended by this offer, Dr. Shainess interrogated the hotel manager about the incident, only to learn that “a member of the American Psychiatric Association was conducting a piece of *** research and had arranged for 25 women arriving alone to receive this call.” By representing himself as a scientific investigator, this unidentified psychiatrist deceived not only his victims, but also the hotel manager.”

“The low level of intellectual effort was shocking. Diagnoses were developed by majority vote on the level we would use to choose a restaurant. You feel like Italian, I feel like Chinese, so let’s go to the cafeteria. Then it’s typed into a computer.” – a psychologist, about the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

But let’s assume that indeed, in the field of psychiatry there exist laboratory tests and other means, generally used in real sciences like medicine, to observe phenomena and find solutions to problems.

We see publications and news all the time about a new psychiatric drug being developed, a “new pattern of the brain function” discovered, that “recent study shows that substance ABC is present/missing in the brain of patients suffering from XYZ mental disorder. Scientists add that developing a new medicine will give hope to these patients”, and so on.

I am not a physician, chemist, neurologist or any of the like, but one doesn’t need 3 university degrees to ask this simple question: how do they prove that a mental condition (i.e. feeling depressed, sad, stressed, etc) is caused by the cherished term of “chemical imbalance” and not the way around?

Well, they don’t. Plainly by their authoritarian powers, psychiatrists claim such “truths”, lobbying in the media, governments, official medicine et al, to spread obviously irrational statements, “search results”.

How can one believe that a woman who has lost her family, is unhappy because of a chemical imbalance in her brain, therefore she needs to take pills as a treatment?

How can one believe that an overworked manager is stressed because of certain substance in his brain and it can be corrected with a drug? Will he be not overworked any more?

How can one believe that a lively child has to be “cooled down” with drugs, because he has a “deficiency”? (As a personal experience: when my son was 6, he was diagnosed with ADHD, because he got bored of the stupid questions of the psychologist testing him if he was matured enough to go to school, and instead of sitting nicely on the chair through 45 minutes, wanted to go out and play with the other kids…)

It’s very easy to believe such idiocies, one just needs to stop thinking for himself and believe everything the alleged experts have to say.

It is also interesting to observe that all these “scientific studies” lead to developing newer and newer drugs, to “handle” certain “mental disorders”. If you are curious about how the giant pharmaceutical companies have a vast amount of power to cook the results of drug tests and make researchers and even the FDA itself bow to their will and how they also use their power and money to silence their critics, just do a google search on these two terms: psychiatry and pharmaceutical industry.

This way it is no wonder that the upcoming congress of psychiatrists is sponsored by 4 drug companies: Lundbeck, Lilly, Pfizer and Krka. It would be a fantastic naivety to assume that the manufacturers and sellers of psychiatric drugs finance this event merely out of humanity, with the glorious intent of helping Mankind to get rid of unwanted mental conditions…

Lundbeck for instance, made donations of DKK 281 million in 2007 for scientific researches. That is to say they gave this much money for studies that will prove that an effective drug is needed to handle certain problem. And guess who will produce and sell that drug?

A key section of their website is about finances, inviting investors to this highly profitable business. Money, money, money…

After looking at only a very few aspects of how “scientific” psychiatry, let’s see quickly what about humanism.

Instead of a long essay here, please remember One Flew Over the Cookoo’s Nest which was not Ken Kesey’s artistic exaggeration or imagination of what was going on in psychiatry institutes – and sadly what is still the case today.

But by now, psychiatry emphasizes the use of a “more human” method: giving drugs to the patients is much milder.

Is it really? Taking a look at these short videos on real stories of children who got psychiatric drugs will tell more than would a thousand words.

I hope that for the occasion of their great gathering, this writing helps you to classify modern psychiatry as it is: a harmful pseudo-science.

– Andrea Gerak

References:

Definition of Psychiatry. By Thomas Szasz

The Lying Truths of Psychiatry. By Thomas Szasz

Is Psychiatry For Sale? An Examination of the Influence of the Pharmaceutical Industry on Academic and Practical Psychiatry. By Joanna Moncrieff

Psychiatric Drugs: Chemical Warfare on Humans – interview with Robert Whitaker

Modern Psychiatry: Brought To You By Selfless Pharmaceutical Companies

Publications by Citizens Commission on Human Rights

Middle School Science Fair Projects

Zhang Xiao Hong asked:

Who said Science fair projects are boring and a chore? With a little bit of imagination you can come up with a winning science fair topic that will not only be interesting but one that you will enjoy doing.

Yes, a middle school science fair project can be a really exciting time for all middle school children. Having fun working on a science fair project while learning different aspects of scientific spectrum is a great and fun way to teach all children and students that the sciences are, contrary to popular belief not a boring chore but can be a lot of fun, which is something far too many schools seem to neglect telling pupils these days.

Below is a fun and interesting middle school science fair project. This example is intended to give you an idea on how to help your child with his or her science fair project. The example is merely a blue print which can easily be built upon.

Four Eyes? Oh Please!

Everyone knows someone who wears glasses. All you need for this science project is a friend or two who wear glasses. Then before the fair, a poster board could be made with a picture of the eye, the different parts (Retina, cornea, etc) labeled, and a brief description on how we see things.

Take a pair of your friend’s glasses and hold them at arms length, does what you’re looking at look smaller? Or does it look Larger? If the view looks smaller, it means your friend is nearsighted also referred to as short sighted. They can see things that are close to them, but may not be able to see things that are far away, this would be a likely indication that their eyeballs may be too long. On the other hand if the view that they see is big, or even upside down, then they are farsighted also known as long sighted. In other words they can see things that are far away, but not when things are closer up to them, the probable of this is that their eye ball is too short.

Advice to Parents.

Have your child to do some research on the eye itself, for example they could find out why it is that some people need glasses? And in what way do glasses help? The local library should have plenty of information geared up for middle school students that would help.

Let Them Create Their Own Ideas.

Of course, you could read dozens of different science fair projects, but none would be as fun or as personal as you and your child working together to come up with some ideas, you may even be surprised at the ideas that your child can come up with. When thinking of ideas you could take into consideration his or her likes and dislikes, and imagine how such a project could be fun and exciting, as well as educational.

I’m sure that when you and your child sit down and really think about it, the two of you could come up with a topic that blows everything else out of the water.

Remember that this is your child’s science fair project, not yours, and he or she needs to complete it. Not you, so left him or her take the lead.

The Jason Project Takes Math and Science Education Out of the Classroom

Stacy Andell asked:

What It Is

The JASON Project is headquartered in Ashburn, VA. Its mission is to inspire in students a life-long passion for learning in science, math, and technology through hands-on, real-world scientific discovery. It is named in the spirit of the Greek myth of Jason and the Argonauts.

For middle-grade students, JASON’s real-time, interdisciplinary science expeditions offer a unique opportunity to participate in real, standards-based, multidisciplinary research directed by leading scientists.

For educators, JASON provides the content and tools to effectively teach middle-grade science. The JASON Professional Development program offers accredited online professional development courses in science, math, and non-fiction literacy instruction as well as on-site workshops and coaching to help teachers become highly qualified and make the best use of JASON programs in the classroom. In addition to the award-winning JASON Science curricula, the JASON Professional Development offers educators a full array of online courses and onsite workshops to increase content knowledge. JASON Professional Development, supported by the National Science Teachers Association, enhances teachers’ content backgrounds and provides them with the tools to help students learn more effectively. JASON Professional Development offerings provide numerous classroom applications with demonstrations and hands-on learning activities.

JASON Math

Some of the many math expeditions led by the JASON project include the Mysteries of Each and Mars, From Shore to Sea, and Rainforests at the Crossroads. Each of these expeditions integrate mathematics concepts and skills with scientific themes. In addition the Math Adventures curriculum includes such activities as Geometry and Return to Titanic, and Proportional Reasoning and Disappearing Wetlands. These programs can be stand alone classroom projects or used to complement a corresponding JASON Expedition. Students will be introduced to real researchers and their work and have an opportunity to conduct similar engaging activities in the classroom and outdoors.

JASON is committed to giving educators exciting new ways to teach standards-based mathematics. As students use our hands-on approach to solving real scientific problems, the activities challenge them to learn important mathematics skills and concepts too.

JASON Science

Both JASON Expeditions and JASON Science Adventures provide teachers with a vehicle to implement new content and instructional practice in the classroom, and:

Make science real and relevant

Allow students to get to know and identify with real scientists

Introduce hands-on, technology-rich learning experiences

Help students ask better questions, and inspire an interest in science and a lifelong passion for learning

JASON’s award-winning supplementary curricula are designed by the world’s leading scientists and educators. The curricula provide rich learning experiences using a hands-on inquiry based approach that mirrors the work of real scientists. The flexible instructional design allows for cross-curricular integration or single-subject implementation across disciplines. Not only are JASON Curricula based on national model standards for science, math, social studies, language arts, and technology; but they are also correlated to each state’s standards for science. JASON is proven to enhance middle-grade student learning outcomes.

Participating Schools

Currently the JASON project includes:

26 Primary Interactive Network Sites (PINS) in the U.S., Bermuda, Mexico, and Panama

22 regional networks

Over 1 million students reached annually

12 Student Argonauts

4 Teacher Argonauts

6 host researchers

3 student hosts

3 guest researchers

Careers in the Pharmaceutical Sciences

Roshan Tolani asked:

The pharmaceutical sciences have saved millions of lives and improved quality of life by playing an important role in the discovery and development of new drugs and drug therapies. As science and medicine evolve and discoveries are made at an astonishing rate, the pharmaceutical industry continues to generate billions of dollars and employ top researchers and professionals.

With accelerating advances in science and technology, the pharmaceutical industry has entered its most promising period yet for new drug development. Pharmaceutical companies are using new knowledge and techniques to attack the root causes—rather than just the symptoms—of diseases and thus are revolutionizing the ways in which new drugs are discovered and developed.

The Disciplines of the Pharmaceutical Sciences

The pharmaceutical sciences can be broadly categorized according to the following disciplines:

* Drug discovery: This discipline deals with the design and synthesis of new drug molecules and includes medicinal chemistry, combinatorial chemistry, and biotechnology.

* Drug delivery: This discipline deals with designing the forms of drug dosages and their delivery to patients. Those involved in drug delivery work to determine the best concentrations of and schedules for drugs. Sciences related to this field include pharmaceutics, biomaterials, and pharmacokinetics.

* Drug action: This discipline examines the actions of drugs in living systems. Sciences dealing with drug action include molecular biology, pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, toxicology, and biochemistry.

* Clinical sciences: This discipline deals with the use of drugs to treat diseases. Drugs’ properties, such as efficacy, adverse effects, drug-to-drug interactions, and bioavailability, are tested in clinical trials.

* Drug analysis: This discipline deals with the separation, identification, and quantification of components of drugs.

* Cost effectiveness: This discipline deals with the economics of drug usage.

* Regulatory affairs: This discipline deals with the coordination of academia, industry, and regulatory bodies.

Careers in the Pharmaceutical Industry

The research-based pharmaceutical industry is one of the strongest components of the American economy and leads the world in discovering and developing innovative new life-saving medicines.

Almost half of the most important global drugs developed between 1975 and 1994 originated in the U.S. U.S. companies developed 370 new medicines to fight dreaded diseases during this period. In 2000, the market value of the industry was greater than $379 million. The field offers a myriad of opportunities to pharmaceutical scientists.

Pharmaceutical companies employ several hundred thousand professionals in a variety of jobs in the U.S. In view of the demand for well-trained professionals, the earning potential of pharmacists is very high. According to an American Pharmaceutical Association report, pharmacists’ salaries range from around $40,000 to $70,000.

Is a Career in Pharmaceutical Sciences Right for Me?

The pharmaceutical field is a good choice for those who:

* want to work in laboratories

* desire to contribute to the health and well-being of society

* love science and excel in the subject

* enjoy professional challenges

* enjoy finding solutions to medical problems baffling scientific communities

How Can I Become a Pharmaceutical Scientist?

Get an undergraduate or advanced college degree in pharmacy, chemistry, biology, medicine, or a related field. There are many who became pharmaceutical scientists after obtaining degrees in economics, marketing, business, or other non-scientific subjects. To work as a registered pharmacist, one needs to satisfy both national and state licensing requirements. Some states require fulfillment of a certain number of continuing education credits annually to stay abreast of developments in the field.